You're looking at a mobile phone fitted with an adapter that turns it into a microscope capable of light and fluorescent microscopy, able to resolve cells and microbes, that can be used to carry out field evaluations of malaria, TB, and other conditions that would normally require expensive lab equipment that third-world regions may not have access to.
In their article Mobile Phone Based Clinical Microscopy for Global Health Applications, Breslaur et al have leveraged the ubiquity of mobile phones across the world, including the third world, to provide an invaluable health care tool for areas that desperately need it. In this work, they use their mobile-adapting microscope to identify malaria, tuberculosis, and sickle-cell anemia, including the use of automated image processing:
In addition to the capture and transmission of data, the fact that mobile phones are essentially embedded computer systems offers the opportunity for significant post-processing of images. To demonstrate the diagnostic potential of image processing in this application, we carried out automated bacillus counting of the fluorescent TB images.
This is an impressive development that hopefully will be put into production quite rapidly. As comments already present on the article note, this is important as a public health development for much of the world and it promises to be a pretty cool device for biology hobbyists, too.
The article: